{"id":72043,"date":"2018-08-09T19:16:55","date_gmt":"2018-08-09T14:16:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pamirtimes.net\/?p=72043"},"modified":"2018-08-09T22:27:47","modified_gmt":"2018-08-09T17:27:47","slug":"diamers-education-dilemma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pamirtimes.net\/en\/2018\/08\/09\/diamers-education-dilemma\/","title":{"rendered":"Diamer&#8217;s education dilemma"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Zulfiqar Ali Khan<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">On August 3, Gilgit-Baltistan hit national and international headlines due to the apparently coordinated attacks on fourteen schools in\u00a0 Diamer District. Unidentified miscreants vandalized and blew up two schools, and torched 12 others &#8211; most of them for girls &#8211; in Chilas, Darel and Tangir areas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">While denting the efforts to educate the children of Diamer, the attacks also heightened the fears of terror resurgence, because for the last three years, there was complete peace in the region.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cThis small incident will not have a big impact,\u201d says Syed Abdul Waheed Shah, Commissioner Diamer. The commissioner said they had already rebuilt an affected school in Chilas, while other schools would also be re-constructed before the start of the academic year.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Also Watch:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pamirtimes\/videos\/10155547456742617\/\">First of 14 schools repaired in Diamer<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cChief Minister Giglit-Baltistan has approved construction of boundary walls and deployment of 65-armed security guards to prevent any untoward situation in the future,\u201d he informed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The incident is seen as a well-coordinated attack where schools, located in far-flung areas, were attacked within half an hour, between 1:00 and 1:30 a.m.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"infogram-embed\" data-id=\"b7578011-5b4b-496d-85d2-380673474d4f\" data-type=\"interactive\" data-title=\"Diamer School Attacked\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><script>!function(e,t,n,s){var i=\"InfogramEmbeds\",o=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],d=\/^http:\/.test(e.location)?\"http:\":\"https:\";if(\/^\\\/{2}\/.test(s)&&(s=d+s),window[i]&&window[i].initialized)window[i].process&&window[i].process();else if(!e.getElementById(n)){var a=e.createElement(t);a.async=1,a.id=n,a.src=s,o.parentNode.insertBefore(a,o)}}(document,\"script\",\"infogram-async\",\"https:\/\/e.infogram.com\/js\/dist\/embed-loader-min.js\");<\/script><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"padding: 8px 0; font-family: Arial!important; font-size: 13px!important; line-height: 15px!important; text-align: center; border-top: 1px solid #dadada; margin: 0 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: none !important;\" href=\"https:\/\/infogram.com\/b7578011-5b4b-496d-85d2-380673474d4f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Diamer School Attacked<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: none !important;\" href=\"https:\/\/infogram.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Infogram<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Of the 14 schools attacked, seven were situated in Darel Tehsil, four in Chilas, and three in Tangir. Some schools were completely destroyed, while others were damaged partially. The quickly renovated school in Ronai Muhallah of Chilas had only one room affected.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Eight of the attacked schools were functional and the remaining were either under-construction or classes had not yet started.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Due to lack of girls-only schools in the district, two of the boys\u2019 schools were also providing education to girls &#8211; under local and unofficial arrangements. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cThis will happen again if girls are allowed in this school,\u201d the attackers wrote on the wall of one of the targeted schools in Darel valley.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Also Watch:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pamirtimes\/videos\/10155544465512617\/\">CM shares updates about the operation\/situation in Diamer\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The affected schools were managed by different regional and national authorities. Seven schools (5 for girls and 2 for boys) were GB government-operated schools, five were established under Social Action Program (SAP), two were public schools and one was a home-school operated under the police department. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Two of the affected schools were offering middle classes (up to grade 8), while the remaining were primary schools, teaching grade 1 to 5 students.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_72058\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-72058\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-72058 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/pamirtimes.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Darel-School.jpg?resize=800%2C480\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/pamirtimes.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Darel-School.jpg?w=800&amp;ssl=1 800w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/pamirtimes.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Darel-School.jpg?resize=450%2C270&amp;ssl=1 450w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/pamirtimes.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Darel-School.jpg?resize=768%2C461&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/pamirtimes.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Darel-School.jpg?resize=600%2C360&amp;ssl=1 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-72058\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><em>A photograph showing a school that was set on fire in Darel<\/em><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cThe miscreants not only attacked our schools; the attack was actually on our future and the collective consciousness of the whole Gilgit-Baltistan region,\u201d said Sobia Jabeen Muqaddam, the first-ever female minister from Diamer district.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The minister, who is holding the portfolio of women and youth affairs, said this episode has further strengthened our commitment to educate \u2018every child of the affected district\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Diamer District Inspector of Schools Rahimullah said the hostile attitude of a few individuals has badly affected the human development index in Diamer. \u201cThe government has been focusing on education during the last 4-5 years which seems to have threatened the existence of the anti-education forces,\u201d he said.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_72064\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-72064\" style=\"width: 960px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-72064 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/pamirtimes.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Protest.jpg?resize=960%2C720\" alt=\"\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/pamirtimes.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Protest.jpg?w=960&amp;ssl=1 960w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/pamirtimes.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Protest.jpg?resize=450%2C338&amp;ssl=1 450w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/pamirtimes.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Protest.jpg?resize=768%2C576&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/pamirtimes.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Protest.jpg?resize=600%2C450&amp;ssl=1 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-72064\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><em>People across Diamer stood against the attacks. Photo: Ishtiaq Dareli<\/em><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Despite rapid and unprecedented growth in Gilgit-Baltistan\u2019s educational outlook, Diamer District continues to perform poorly on almost every indicator.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Alif Ailaan\u2019s \u2018District Education Rankings 2017\u2019, placed Diamer as the lowest ranked district in Gilgit-Baltistan and among the ten lowest in Pakistan.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">According to \u2018Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2016-17\u2019, 60 percent of youth and 78 percent girls, between the ages of 15 and 24, in Diamer are illiterate. This survey sketches a gloomy picture of education in the district. It further reveals that adult literacy rate (15+years) in Diamer stands at 29 percent overall, with just 11 percent female.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"infogram-embed\" data-id=\"1fb995cd-b1b4-4c4b-a244-edf9fd821f6e\" data-type=\"interactive\" data-title=\"Literacy Map Gilgit-Baltistan\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><script>!function(e,t,n,s){var i=\"InfogramEmbeds\",o=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],d=\/^http:\/.test(e.location)?\"http:\":\"https:\";if(\/^\\\/{2}\/.test(s)&&(s=d+s),window[i]&&window[i].initialized)window[i].process&&window[i].process();else if(!e.getElementById(n)){var a=e.createElement(t);a.async=1,a.id=n,a.src=s,o.parentNode.insertBefore(a,o)}}(document,\"script\",\"infogram-async\",\"https:\/\/e.infogram.com\/js\/dist\/embed-loader-min.js\");<\/script><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"padding: 8px 0; font-family: Arial!important; font-size: 13px!important; line-height: 15px!important; text-align: center; border-top: 1px solid #dadada; margin: 0 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: none !important;\" href=\"https:\/\/infogram.com\/1fb995cd-b1b4-4c4b-a244-edf9fd821f6e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Literacy Map Gilgit-Baltistan<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: none !important;\" href=\"https:\/\/infogram.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Infogram<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The overall youth literacy rate in Gilgit-Baltistan stands at 88 percent, with female youth literacy rate of 69 percent and male youth literacy touching 77 percent.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Despite tall claims, the statistics point to a wide educational gap that exists among various districts of Gilgit-Baltistan. The youth, adult and female literacy rates in all other districts of Gilgit-Baltistan are significantly higher than compared to Diamer. Hunza district has the highest 98 percent youth literacy rate, whereas Diamer stands at 40 percent.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cThe education boom in other districts has very little impact on the literacy rate in Diamer,\u201d Sobia Muqaddam said. She added that the low literacy rate in Diamer is also poorly affecting the education indicators of the entire GB.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Blaming the previous government of Syed Mehdi Shah, she said no schools were established in Diamer during the previous regime. The present government has launched a record number of developmental projects in the education sector, she added.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cFemale literacy rate grew to 26% from a meagre 6% due to efforts of the present government during the last three years,\u201d she claimed. Another 40 schools were established across Diamer during the present government, she said, adding that she allocated resources for 16 schools in her own constituency.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"infogram-embed\" data-id=\"17469407-27a1-435a-bdc1-d0e4d4b991b6\" data-type=\"interactive\" data-title=\"Comparison of Literacy Rate in GB\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><script>!function(e,t,n,s){var i=\"InfogramEmbeds\",o=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],d=\/^http:\/.test(e.location)?\"http:\":\"https:\";if(\/^\\\/{2}\/.test(s)&&(s=d+s),window[i]&&window[i].initialized)window[i].process&&window[i].process();else if(!e.getElementById(n)){var a=e.createElement(t);a.async=1,a.id=n,a.src=s,o.parentNode.insertBefore(a,o)}}(document,\"script\",\"infogram-async\",\"https:\/\/e.infogram.com\/js\/dist\/embed-loader-min.js\");<\/script><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"padding: 8px 0; font-family: Arial!important; font-size: 13px!important; line-height: 15px!important; text-align: center; border-top: 1px solid #dadada; margin: 0 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: none !important;\" href=\"https:\/\/infogram.com\/17469407-27a1-435a-bdc1-d0e4d4b991b6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Comparison of Literacy Rate in GB<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: none !important;\" href=\"https:\/\/infogram.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Infogram<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The statistics in Annual Status of Education (ASER) 2015, also paint a disappointing picture with 52 percent out-of-school children in Diamer. The district was distantly followed by Skardu with 19 percent out-of-school children, Gilgit 12 percent, Ghanche 10 percent, Astore 7 percent, Ghizer 3 percent and Hunza-Nagar has the lowest 2 percent out-of-school children.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">There are plenty of factors behind this dismal educational condition in Diamer, including conservative social and tribal set-up, disinterest of local leaders, lack of political will, negligence, poverty, parental illiteracy, gender disparity and poor accessibility.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Cultural and Tribal Barriers<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The prevailing social and tribal practices have kept women in a highly vulnerable position. Statistics indicate that hostile attitude towards women\u2019s education has resulted in large gender gap in education.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The female youth literacy rate is 41 percent, much less than that of male youth literacy rate in Diamer. There also exists a wide gender gap in literacy rates when compared to other districts in GB. Female youth literacy rate in Diamer is 76 percent lower than Hunza, which stood at 98 percent.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In Diamer, the practice of blocking girls\u2019 access to education is not new. Schools have been targeted in the past as well. In March 2018, unknown persons torched the building of SAP girls\u2019 primary school in the outskirts of Chilas, the headquarter of Diamer District. In December 2011, at least two girls\u2019 schools were damaged in low-intensity explosions. In 2004, nine schools, of which eight were of girls, were also attacked.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Also Watch:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/pamirtimes\/videos\/10155461012982617\/\">Girls&#8217; Primary School in Chilas, A Symbol of Neglect and Apathy<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">These types of attacks were not reported in any other districts, except some isolated incidents that took place in Ghizer. In March 2017, unidentified individuals vandalized a private school in Hatun village, Ghizer. They left behind a handwritten note threatening the school\u2019s headmaster, \u201cThe school will be bombed if female teachers don\u2019t observe Pardah [veil] from now on.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Commissioner Diamer said contrary to popular belief that people in Darel and Tangir were against girls\u2019 education, majority applications to establish home schools were received from these valleys.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cPeople in Darel and Tangir have already offered free land for the construction of high schools,\u201d he added.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">He outlined the need to create awareness by involving local stakeholders, saying that there was no mass resistance to education. He said women in Diamer have no restrictions and are openly performing all agricultural and other household activities outside their homes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Supporting what the commissioner said, Sobia Muqaddam said a false perception had been created that people were against education. \u201cIt was actually the previous governments that failed to provide educational facilities,\u201d she added.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Social activist and entrepreneur Ayesha Jehangir termed poverty as one of the main reasons behind low literacy levels in Diamer. \u201cThe most crucial factors are ignorance and the conservative views of the locals,\u201d she added.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Jehangir, a native of Chilas, said that since girls are supposed to get married their parents don\u2019t attach much importance to their education.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cParents are uneducated and for them education is not of any vital concern. However, the situation is improving with increasing awareness among people,\u201d she added.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ayesha has been playing her role in promoting girls\u2019 education in her native town. She opened the only girls school \u2018Beacon of Light School for Girls\u2019 in Bunerdas, Chilas in 2012. The school was later converted into a home school in 2017, for better outreach. Over 90 girls are currently enrolled in the school.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_72066\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-72066\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-72066\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/pamirtimes.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Ayesha-Home-School-1.jpg?resize=1000%2C604\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"604\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/pamirtimes.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Ayesha-Home-School-1.jpg?w=2048&amp;ssl=1 2048w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/pamirtimes.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Ayesha-Home-School-1.jpg?resize=450%2C272&amp;ssl=1 450w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/pamirtimes.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Ayesha-Home-School-1.jpg?resize=768%2C464&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/pamirtimes.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Ayesha-Home-School-1.jpg?resize=600%2C363&amp;ssl=1 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-72066\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>Students of \u2018Beacon of Light School for Girls\u2019 in Bunerdas, Chilas. Photo: Ayesha Jehangir<\/em><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cPoverty is the root cause of low literacy in Diamer&#8221;, said Shahab Uddin Ghauri, a senior journalist based in Chilas. He said most children help their parents in agriculture and livestock activities. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cIn Diamer people usually have 8-10 children which makes it difficult to feed and educate them all,\u201d Ghauri added.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Geographical Barriers<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Apart from cultural barriers, the harsh physical environment also hinders provision of educational facilities. Diamer has a total covered area of 7,234 square kilometers with more than 27 scattered valleys; some of those valleys do not have any road links connecting them. These geographical conditions confront children, particularly girls, with the issue of reaching schools safely.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>School Accessibility<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">There are currently 227 government-owned schools in Diamer, according to the statistics of GB\u2019s education department. Of these, 188 are primary schools, 24 middle schools, and 15 high schools. There is no higher secondary school in the entire district.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Among all the government schools, 142 schools are for boys whereas only 85 (37 percent) schools are for girls.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">There are 96 other public-sector schools managed by federal government or its institutions. Interestingly, 53 of these schools offer co-education, 33 are only for boys and 10 are for girls.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Diamer\u2019s Inspector of Schools, however, said there are 169 functional schools in the district managed by GB government. Out of these, only 7 percent (12) are for female &#8211; one high school, 8 primary and 3 middle schools.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cThe total female enrollment is around seven thousand, including those attending 75 home schools,\u201d he added.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>The role of \u2018Home Schools\u2019<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cIn view of the specific cultural and geographical barriers, the provincial government is trying to promote girls\u2019 education through localized and flexible service models,\u201d Rahimullah said. \u201cA total of 75 home schools have been established in this regard,\u201d he added.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">32 of these home schools are in Chilas, 23 in Darel and 20 in Tangir. The overall enrollment in these schools is about 4,500 girls.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">These home schools do not charge a fee and the children get free books as well.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"infogram-embed\" data-id=\"bb9f0178-2248-4c7d-b0c9-b2b4d81bf963\" data-type=\"interactive\" data-title=\"Home Schools in Diamer\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><script>!function(e,t,n,s){var i=\"InfogramEmbeds\",o=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],d=\/^http:\/.test(e.location)?\"http:\":\"https:\";if(\/^\\\/{2}\/.test(s)&&(s=d+s),window[i]&&window[i].initialized)window[i].process&&window[i].process();else if(!e.getElementById(n)){var a=e.createElement(t);a.async=1,a.id=n,a.src=s,o.parentNode.insertBefore(a,o)}}(document,\"script\",\"infogram-async\",\"https:\/\/e.infogram.com\/js\/dist\/embed-loader-min.js\");<\/script><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"padding: 8px 0; font-family: Arial!important; font-size: 13px!important; line-height: 15px!important; text-align: center; border-top: 1px solid #dadada; margin: 0 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: none !important;\" href=\"https:\/\/infogram.com\/bb9f0178-2248-4c7d-b0c9-b2b4d81bf963\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Home Schools in Diamer<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: none !important;\" href=\"https:\/\/infogram.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Infogram<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The concept of home schools was initiated through an agreement between AKDN, the government Departments of Education and the GB Police in 2012. Female constables &#8211; selected for police service &#8211; were trained as teachers through Professional Development Center North (PDCN), which is part of the Aga Khan University&#8217;s Institute for Educational Development (AKUIED). Most of them have resigned, citing social and cultural restrictions.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Through this agreement, AKDN started supporting 11 schools in Diamer, seven of which were home-based girls\u2019 schools.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Based on this experience, the GB government established 75 schools using its regular development budget in 2014. The first phase of this project will end in 2019. The government has allocated funds for 30 more home schools in the 2018-19 budget.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In this schooling model, a literate female can open a school at her home if she has a separate room available to teach 25-30 students. The teacher is given salary equal to a BPS-9 scale government employee, along with Rs 3,000 reserved for rent.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cHome schools have helped improve mobility of girls in the district,\u201d said Rahimullah, hoping that students enrolled in 2014 will complete their primary education next year.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The department has also established around 27 middle schools to help the graduating students continue their education.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Commissioner Diamer said the government\u2019s focus is on primary schools. In ADP 2018-19, heavy resources have been allocated to establish 77 primary schools, 40 of them for girls. Resources have also been allocated to establish 30 home schools for girls, in Darel and Tangir tehsils, he added.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Private Sector Schools<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"infogram-embed\" data-id=\"8b786a05-d001-4c7b-a626-3a4c82002582\" data-type=\"interactive\" data-title=\"Private Schools GB\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><script>!function(e,t,n,s){var i=\"InfogramEmbeds\",o=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],d=\/^http:\/.test(e.location)?\"http:\":\"https:\";if(\/^\\\/{2}\/.test(s)&&(s=d+s),window[i]&&window[i].initialized)window[i].process&&window[i].process();else if(!e.getElementById(n)){var a=e.createElement(t);a.async=1,a.id=n,a.src=s,o.parentNode.insertBefore(a,o)}}(document,\"script\",\"infogram-async\",\"https:\/\/e.infogram.com\/js\/dist\/embed-loader-min.js\");<\/script><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"padding: 8px 0; font-family: Arial!important; font-size: 13px!important; line-height: 15px!important; text-align: center; border-top: 1px solid #dadada; margin: 0 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: none !important;\" href=\"https:\/\/infogram.com\/8b786a05-d001-4c7b-a626-3a4c82002582\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Private Schools GB<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: none !important;\" href=\"https:\/\/infogram.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Infogram<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Gilgit-Baltistan has an encouraging share of private schools, but the situation is not very promising in Diamer district.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">According to the education department, there are 23 private schools in the district &#8211; 8 primary, 11 middle and 4 high schools. As many as 15 of these schools offer mixed education, six for boys and two for girls.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Rahimullah, however, said that the quality of education in private schools is not at par with those present in other districts of GB. Given the lower number of private schools, enrollment in available public-sector schools is higher, he added.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The importance of private sector schools varies across different districts. In the Diamer district, private school enrollment plays only a marginal role with enrollment share of 13 percent. In the Hunza district, on the other hand, 65 percent (52 percent girls) are enrolled in the private sector.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"infogram-embed\" data-id=\"fac120bc-278a-4b4a-873b-38bc417cfb92\" data-type=\"interactive\" data-title=\"Educational Institutions in Gilgit-Baltistan\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><script>!function(e,t,n,s){var i=\"InfogramEmbeds\",o=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],d=\/^http:\/.test(e.location)?\"http:\":\"https:\";if(\/^\\\/{2}\/.test(s)&&(s=d+s),window[i]&&window[i].initialized)window[i].process&&window[i].process();else if(!e.getElementById(n)){var a=e.createElement(t);a.async=1,a.id=n,a.src=s,o.parentNode.insertBefore(a,o)}}(document,\"script\",\"infogram-async\",\"https:\/\/e.infogram.com\/js\/dist\/embed-loader-min.js\");<\/script><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"padding: 8px 0; font-family: Arial!important; font-size: 13px!important; line-height: 15px!important; text-align: center; border-top: 1px solid #dadada; margin: 0 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: none !important;\" href=\"https:\/\/infogram.com\/fac120bc-278a-4b4a-873b-38bc417cfb92\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Educational Institutions in Gilgit-Baltistan<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: none !important;\" href=\"https:\/\/infogram.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Infogram<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Comparatively, the overall education level, adult and youth literacy rates, for both male and female, are higher in districts having more private sector schools.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The strong rise of female literacy rates in the Gilgit, Ghizer, Skardu, Nagar and Hunza districts are largely attributed to the presence of private sector schools.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In Gilgit, Hunza and Ghizer, the schools opened under the Aga Khan Diamond Jubilee (DJ) School\u00a0 initiative in 1946 laid a solid foundation in this respect.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The Aga Khan Education Service currently runs more than 107 schools in Gilgit-Baltistan. According to the data available on Aga Khan Schools\u2019 website, 47 schools are for primary level, 29 middle, 27 high, and four are higher secondary schools. More than 23,000 students study in these schools, taught by over 1,000 teachers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Similarly, USWA Foundation with 14 schools and over 1700 students across Gilgit-Baltistan also play a vital role.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Marafie Foundation has also built 334 elementary and primary schools in various parts of Baltistan since 1987. These schools have over 33,600 enrollments and employ 764 teachers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In addition, local communities, NGOs and private entrepreneurs have also opened many private schools offering English-medium education.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Different <em>Madaris<\/em> education systems are also operating in Gilgit-Baltistan and making valuable contributions. However, their statistics are not readily available.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><b>Enrollment<\/b><strong>\u00a0in Schools<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"infogram-embed\" data-id=\"19623af7-fe6e-490c-97cc-91fef8585ae3\" data-type=\"interactive\" data-title=\"Student Enrolment\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><script>!function(e,t,n,s){var i=\"InfogramEmbeds\",o=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],d=\/^http:\/.test(e.location)?\"http:\":\"https:\";if(\/^\\\/{2}\/.test(s)&&(s=d+s),window[i]&&window[i].initialized)window[i].process&&window[i].process();else if(!e.getElementById(n)){var a=e.createElement(t);a.async=1,a.id=n,a.src=s,o.parentNode.insertBefore(a,o)}}(document,\"script\",\"infogram-async\",\"https:\/\/e.infogram.com\/js\/dist\/embed-loader-min.js\");<\/script><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"padding: 8px 0; font-family: Arial!important; font-size: 13px!important; line-height: 15px!important; text-align: center; border-top: 1px solid #dadada; margin: 0 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: none !important;\" href=\"https:\/\/infogram.com\/19623af7-fe6e-490c-97cc-91fef8585ae3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Student Enrolment<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: none !important;\" href=\"https:\/\/infogram.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Infogram<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In Diamer, a total of 32,258 students are enrolled in different private- and public-sector schools, of which only 22 percent (7,099) are girls.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Of the overall enrollment, 28 percent are in pre-primary, 57 percent in primary, 11 percent in middle and 4 percent in high schools. This shows that the number of enrollments drops as the level of classes moves up.<br \/>\n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">Commissioner Diamer sees a ray of hope among these statistics. \u201cA two-month rigorous enrollment campaign this year resulted in the enrollment of about ten thousand boys and girls in the district,\u201d he said.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Teachers in Schools<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"infogram-embed\" data-id=\"7a467ca4-7ef3-4825-87f9-2cecb199cee8\" data-type=\"interactive\" data-title=\"Teachers in Diamer\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><script>!function(e,t,n,s){var i=\"InfogramEmbeds\",o=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],d=\/^http:\/.test(e.location)?\"http:\":\"https:\";if(\/^\\\/{2}\/.test(s)&&(s=d+s),window[i]&&window[i].initialized)window[i].process&&window[i].process();else if(!e.getElementById(n)){var a=e.createElement(t);a.async=1,a.id=n,a.src=s,o.parentNode.insertBefore(a,o)}}(document,\"script\",\"infogram-async\",\"https:\/\/e.infogram.com\/js\/dist\/embed-loader-min.js\");<\/script><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"padding: 8px 0; font-family: Arial!important; font-size: 13px!important; line-height: 15px!important; text-align: center; border-top: 1px solid #dadada; margin: 0 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: none !important;\" href=\"https:\/\/infogram.com\/7a467ca4-7ef3-4825-87f9-2cecb199cee8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Teachers in Diamer<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: none !important;\" href=\"https:\/\/infogram.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Infogram<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">There are 1,197 teachers working in public and private sector schools in Diamer district, of which only 18 percent are females. Over 67 percent of the female teachers are in primary schools, 15 percent in middle and only 18 percent in high schools.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Not only is the number of female teachers lower, they also lag behind in terms of qualification.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Out of the 489 female teachers in public-sector schools, eight percent have Masters degrees, 24 percent are under-graduates, 34 percent each have passed intermediate and matriculation. In contrast, 51 percent of the male teachers are under-graduates, 30 percent masters, 12 percent intermediate and only 7 percent are matriculates (10th graders).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Quality of Education <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">According to Alif Ailaan, Diamer stands at 138 out of 141 districts across Pakistan in terms of education scores. Ghanche district is leading the chart in GB having secured 29th rank.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">On the beyond primary readiness score, Diamer ranked at 151 out of the 155 districts of Pakistan. The top ten districts at national level in the same index included five districts of GB, Hunza, Nagar, Ghizer, Gilgit and Ghanche.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Alif Ailaan uses this index to measure governments\u2019 readiness in terms of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals-4 (SDG 4). It stresses on the need to invest in middle and high schools in order to ensure adequate means available for students to continue their education beyond the primary level.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"infogram-embed\" data-id=\"09270ffa-272e-4487-9dd1-c630aafb8630\" data-type=\"interactive\" data-title=\"Gilgit-Baltistan District Scores\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><script>!function(e,t,n,s){var i=\"InfogramEmbeds\",o=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],d=\/^http:\/.test(e.location)?\"http:\":\"https:\";if(\/^\\\/{2}\/.test(s)&&(s=d+s),window[i]&&window[i].initialized)window[i].process&&window[i].process();else if(!e.getElementById(n)){var a=e.createElement(t);a.async=1,a.id=n,a.src=s,o.parentNode.insertBefore(a,o)}}(document,\"script\",\"infogram-async\",\"https:\/\/e.infogram.com\/js\/dist\/embed-loader-min.js\");<\/script><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"padding: 8px 0; font-family: Arial!important; font-size: 13px!important; line-height: 15px!important; text-align: center; border-top: 1px solid #dadada; margin: 0 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: none !important;\" href=\"https:\/\/infogram.com\/09270ffa-272e-4487-9dd1-c630aafb8630\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gilgit-Baltistan District Scores<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: none !important;\" href=\"https:\/\/infogram.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Infogram<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In Diamer, 14 percent of the students enrolled in Class 5 cannot read a story in Urdu meant for Class 2. Similarly, 10 percent of the students in Class 5 cannot perform 2-digit division meant for class 2. Furthermore, 11% of the students enrolled in Class 5 in the district cannot read a sentence in English meant for class 2.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>School Infrastructure<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"infogram-embed\" data-id=\"31469001-e6e0-47c7-b047-4d53399fe8a6\" data-type=\"interactive\" data-title=\"School Infrastructure\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><script>!function(e,t,n,s){var i=\"InfogramEmbeds\",o=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],d=\/^http:\/.test(e.location)?\"http:\":\"https:\";if(\/^\\\/{2}\/.test(s)&&(s=d+s),window[i]&&window[i].initialized)window[i].process&&window[i].process();else if(!e.getElementById(n)){var a=e.createElement(t);a.async=1,a.id=n,a.src=s,o.parentNode.insertBefore(a,o)}}(document,\"script\",\"infogram-async\",\"https:\/\/e.infogram.com\/js\/dist\/embed-loader-min.js\");<\/script><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"padding: 8px 0; font-family: Arial!important; font-size: 13px!important; line-height: 15px!important; text-align: center; border-top: 1px solid #dadada; margin: 0 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: none !important;\" href=\"https:\/\/infogram.com\/31469001-e6e0-47c7-b047-4d53399fe8a6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">School Infrastructure<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: none !important;\" href=\"https:\/\/infogram.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Infogram<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The statistics of the government education department tell a sorry story about the school infrastructure in Diamer. Out of the 227 public sector schools, 78 percent are without toilet facility, 75 percent do not have drinking water, 71 percent lack boundary walls, 65 percent have no electricity and four percent schools are without building.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Budget Allocation <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Gilgit-Baltistan spent 12.58 percent of its development budget on education. There was a 70 percent increase in the education budget in ADP 2018-19, as compared to 2016-17.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Deputy Chief of Planning &amp; Development Department (P&amp;DD) Gilgit-Baltistan Ghulam Rasool is optimistic that the newly introduced reforms will bring those districts lagging behind at par with the rest.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u201cKeeping in view the findings of the MICS survey, more financial resources have been allocated for the education sector in Diamer,\u201d he said, adding that P&amp;DD was using evidence-based budgeting to allocate resources to different districts.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In ADP 2018-19, the government has allocated Rs. 323 million for 24 ongoing and six new educational projects in Diamer \u2013 an amount that surpasses allocations made for other districts.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"infogram-embed\" data-id=\"8196deac-f471-4349-92d2-8b0925bfb1a3\" data-type=\"interactive\" data-title=\"Education Budget\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><script>!function(e,t,n,s){var i=\"InfogramEmbeds\",o=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],d=\/^http:\/.test(e.location)?\"http:\":\"https:\";if(\/^\\\/{2}\/.test(s)&&(s=d+s),window[i]&&window[i].initialized)window[i].process&&window[i].process();else if(!e.getElementById(n)){var a=e.createElement(t);a.async=1,a.id=n,a.src=s,o.parentNode.insertBefore(a,o)}}(document,\"script\",\"infogram-async\",\"https:\/\/e.infogram.com\/js\/dist\/embed-loader-min.js\");<\/script><\/span><\/p>\n<div style=\"padding: 8px 0; font-family: Arial!important; font-size: 13px!important; line-height: 15px!important; text-align: center; border-top: 1px solid #dadada; margin: 0 30px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: none !important;\" href=\"https:\/\/infogram.com\/8196deac-f471-4349-92d2-8b0925bfb1a3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Education Budget<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000; text-decoration: none !important;\" href=\"https:\/\/infogram.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Infogram<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>The Way Forward<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">As evident from many of the high performing districts in Gilgit-Baltistan, the key to educational success is creating partnerships with local stakeholders and the private sector for a sustainable and localized solution.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">To ensure accessibility, the government needs to establish new schools in neglected areas with special focus on female education. Also, there is a need to strengthen the existing monitoring mechanisms oversighting private and public-sector schools.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Furthermore, improving basic facilities, especially toilets, water, electricity, and boundary walls in schools will further help in reducing the gap.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Moreover, the miscreants and their abettors involved in attacking schools need to be dealt with the full fore of law to provide a fear-free environment for education.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Currently, four ministers are representing Diamer district in GB\u2019s cabinet, the highest number of ministers from any single district. It is their primary responsibility to play an effective role in improving the human development index by creating an enabling environment and by mobilizing resources.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">The Gilgit-Baltistan Legislative Assembly (GBLA) should enact laws for the provision of free and compulsory education to all children, aged five to sixteen years, as envisioned in the constitution of Pakistan.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Zulfiqar Ali Khan On August 3, Gilgit-Baltistan hit national and international headlines due to the apparently coordinated attacks on fourteen schools in\u00a0 Diamer District. Unidentified miscreants vandalized and blew up two schools, and torched 12 others &#8211; most of them for girls &#8211; in Chilas, Darel and Tangir areas. 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